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  • Debt Close to Retirement and its Implications for Retirement Well-Being

    • PUBLICATIONS
    January 06, 2021

    Abstract: We analyze debt and debt management of Americans nearing retirement age, to document that older people have numerous financial obligations that can lead to financial distress. Using data from the 2015 National Financial Capability Study and drawing on an… Read More »

  • The Stability and Predictive Power of Financial Literacy: Evidence from Longitudinal Data

    • WORKING PAPERS
    November 18, 2020

    Abstract: We administered the FINRA Foundation’s National Financial Capability Study questionnaire to members of the RAND American Life Panel (ALP) in 2012 and 2018. Using this unique, longitudinal data set, we investigate the evolution of financial literacy over time and… Read More »

  • The Stability and Predictive Power of Financial Literacy: Evidence From Longitudinal Data

    • POLICY BRIEFS
    October 29, 2020

    Summary: We administered the FINRA Investor Education Foundation’s National Financial Capability Study (NFCS) questionnaire to members of the RAND American Life Panel (ALP) in 2012 and 2018. Using this longitudinal data set, we investigate the evolution of financial literacy over… Read More »

  • Mind the Gap: Women, Men, and Investment Knowledge

    • FACT SHEETS
    March 19, 2020

    When surveyed about their investment knowledge, female investors performed poorly compared to male investors. Out of ten questions designed to assess knowledge, on average, male investors correctly answered 5.2 questions while female investors correctly answered 4.1 questions. Moreover, 40% of… Read More »

  • Debt Close to Retirement and Its Implications for Retirement Well-being

    • REPORTS
    June 19, 2019

    We analyze debt and debt management of Americans nearing retirement age, and we show that older people have numerous financial obligations that can lead to financial distress. Drawing on the 2015 National Financial Capability Study and an extensive literature review,… Read More »

  • Debt Close to Retirement and Its Implications for Retirement Well-being

    • WORKING PAPERS
    June 19, 2019

    Abstract: We analyze debt and debt management of Americans nearing retirement age, and we show that older people have numerous financial obligations that can lead to financial distress. Drawing on the 2015 National Financial Capability Study and an extensive literature… Read More »

  • Empowering Youth

    • FACT SHEETS
    February 12, 2018

  • Financial Capability of American Adults: Insights from the American Life Panel

    • POLICY BRIEFS
    February 10, 2017

    Summary: While providing a wide range of financial capability indicators, the National Financial Capability Study (NFCS) lacks information about important determinants of financial outcomes, such as individuals’ health and cognition, and does not offer a precise, quantitative assessment of critical variables,… Read More »

  • The National Financial Capability Study: Empirical Findings from the American Life Panel Survey

    • REPORTS
    November 22, 2016

    Summary: The National Financial Capability Study (NFCS) is an ongoing study first conducted in 2009. It is commissioned and supported by the FINRA Investor Education Foundation, in consultation with the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the President's Advisory Council on… Read More »

  • STUDENT LOAN DEBT IN THE US: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2015 NFCS DATA

    • POLICY BRIEFS
    November 14, 2016

    Summary: According to the study, 54 percent of student loan holders did not try to figure out what their monthly payments would be before taking out loans. And 53 percent said that if they could go back and redo the… Read More »

  • The Evolution of Consumer Debt Following the Great Recession: An analysis of data from the 2015 NFCS

    • FACT SHEETS
    August 11, 2016

    Learn more about the 2015 National Financial Capability Study, a project of the FINRA Investor Education Foundation, by clicking here.

  • Financial Capability in the United States 2016

    • REPORTS
    July 15, 2016

    Summary: Financial capability is a multi-dimensional concept that encompasses a combination of knowledge, resources, access, and habits. The NFCS is designed to understand and measure a rich, connected set of perceptions, attitudes, experiences, and behaviors across a large, diverse sample in… Read More »

  • Q&A for Investor Education: Regulators’ Perspectives

    • VIDEO
    January 22, 2016

    Watch the video.

  • Investor Education: Regulators’ Perspectives

    • VIDEO
    January 22, 2016

    Watch the video.

  • Investor Education: Regulators’ Perspectives

    • VIDEO
    January 22, 2016

    Watch the video.

  • Investor Protection and Education Going Forward – What does it take to change behavior?

    • PRESENTATIONS
    March 30, 2015

  • FINANCIAL LITERACY AND HIGH-COST BORROWING IN THE UNITED STATES

    • WORKING PAPERS
    December 31, 2014

    Abstract:  In this paper, we examine high-cost methods of borrowing in the United States, such as payday loans, pawn shops, auto title loans, refund anticipation loans, and rent-to-own shops, and offer a portrait of borrowers who use these methods. Considering… Read More »

  • National Financial Capability Study

    • DATA
    December 16, 2014

    Available for download are reports, results tables, questionnaires, methodology, and datasets for the 2021, 2018, 2015, 2012, and 2009 National Financial Capability Study. The study is conducted by the FINRA Investor Education Foundation. Click here for the data.    … Read More »

  • THE FINANCIAL FRAGILITY OF AMERICAN FAMILIES

    • POLICY BRIEFS
    September 01, 2013

    Summary:  The economic crisis that began in 2007 started a wide-ranging spiral that not only weakened the U.S. economy but also eroded the financial stability of households—exposing the fragility of American families. Stock values dropped, real estate prices plummeted, household wealth… Read More »

  • FINANCIAL LITERACY AROUND THE WORLD (FLAT WORLD)

    • POLICY BRIEFS
    April 01, 2013

    Summary:  Across the world, people are being asked to assume more responsibility for their financial well-being. Because of changes in the pension landscape, notably a shift from defined benefit to defined contribution type pensions, individuals must determine not only how much… Read More »

  • HOW EMPLOYERS CAN HELP NEW HIRES SAVE FOR RETIREMENT: BEST PRACTICES THAT BUILD LONG-TERM FINANCIAL SECURITY

    • POLICY BRIEFS
    September 01, 2012

    Summary:  Not all employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement savings plans are created equal—some employer practices and plan designs are more successful than others in helping new hires accumulate a robust retirement nest egg. We reviewed numerous studies conducted by researchers affiliated… Read More »


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